GUT DYSBIOSIS WAS INEVITABLE, BUT TOLERANCE WAS NOT: TEMPORAL RESPONSES OF THE MURINE MICROBIOTA THAT MAINTAIN ITS CAPACITY FOR BUTYRATE PRODUCTION CORRELATE WITH SUSTAINED ANTINOCICEPTION TO CHRONIC MORPHINE

The therapeutic benefits of opioids are compromised by the development of analgesic tolerance, which necessitates higher dosing for pain management thereby increasing the liability for drug dependence and addiction.Rodent models indicate opposing roles of the gut microbiota in tolerance: morphine-induced gut dysbiosis exacerbates tolerance, whereas

Abstract Among hymenopteran insects, aculeate species such as bees, ants, and wasps have enlarged and morphologically elaborate mushroom bodies (MBs), a higher-order brain center in the insect, implying their relationship with the advanced behavioral traits of aculeate species.The molecular bases leading to the acquisition of complicated MB functio

Abstract Background In 2014, nursing home administration and government officials were facing increasing public and media scrutiny around the variation of antipsychotic medication (APM) prescribing across Ontario nursing homes.In response, policy makers partnered to test an academic detailing (AD) intervention to address appropriate prescribing of

Pleuropulmonary blastomas (PPB) are pediatric, embryonal cancers of the lung parenchyma and pleural surfaces and are among the most common DICER1—related disorders.These tumors undergo evolution through several forms, allowing division into types I, Ir, II, and III, with correlates to the age of diagnosis and prognosis.We sought to provide a

Abstract The concept of a crisp graph is essential in the study of outerplanar graphs because outerplanar graphs are a unique type of planar graphs containing special characteristics.One of the core concepts of crisp graphs, the notion of a subgraph, is utilized primarily to solve difficult data problems.In this paper, researching outerplanar graph